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A New Common Migration Policy for the EU – Why and How?
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Ukraine Refugees: From Temporary Protection to Encouraging Return to Support the Ukrainian Economy
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Tax Audits and Their Effects on Tax Compliance
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Germany’s 9-Euro Ticket: Impact of a Cheap Public Transport Ticket on Mobility Patterns and Infrastructure Quality
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19 May 2025 | Representation of the Free State of Bavaria to the EU
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Climate policy debates tend to focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the main driver of climate change. However, even under the most optimistic scenarios, climate change is expected to persist, causing widespread devastation through extreme weather events, such as flooding and droughts. This does not only cause substantial physical and economic damage worldwide, but it also threatens the livelihoods of communities, particularly in developing countries.
This year’s EconPol Annual Conference will focus the discussion on climate adaptation in three panel discussions:
The event will take place on 19 May 2025 in Brussels. For more details and updates on our program and speakers, please visit our conference website.
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Geopolitical tensions and trade conflicts constitute an ever-growing threat to Europe’s ability to defend itself. Procuring or developing critical technologies independently or with reliable partners is crucial. EconPol Europe and the ifo institute hosted a roundtable at the Munich Security Conference to discuss ways to achieve greater technological sovereignty. Main speakers were Clemens Fuest, President of the ifo Institute, Lisandra Flach, Director of the ifo Center for International Economics, Jochen Hanebeck, CEO Infineon Technologies, and Klaus Müller, President of the Bundesnetzagentur (Germany's Federal Regulatory Authority for infrastructure and network industries). Additionally, EconPol Europe released a timely analysis examining the interdependencies and complexities of global semiconductor production (see publication below).
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Global semiconductor trade is rather fragmented, with nine countries playing a pivotal role. While South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and China produce over 50 percent of the chips traded worldwide, Germany, Japan, the United States and the Netherlands contribute a large proportion of the equipment used for chip production. This creates reciprocal, rather than one-sided, dependencies.
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An evaluation of the effectiveness of EU climate policies is only meaningful within the broader context of the global economy. This comprehensive report delivers rather mixed results: While EU climate policies do not incur significant costs and generate substantial gains by preventing climate-related damages, their impact on global emissions remains limited. Most intriguingly, the study finds that a G7-led Climate Club alone is insufficient to drive meaningful global emission reductions.
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Over the last decades, globalization has led to more integrated markets which fostered the transformation of economies around the world. This Policy Brief examines the impact of increased imports from China on the Mexican labor market, with a focus on gender differences.
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The European Union is grappling with multiple challenges to its prosperity and security: weaknesses in emerging industries, sluggish innovation, expensive energy, the imperative to green its economy, and shifting geopolitical and trade dynamics. This Policy Brief by Julio Saavedra offers targeted recommendations for European trade, innovation, and defense policy by summarizing the key findings from the 2024 EconPol Annual Conference.
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Policy Debate of the Hour
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Economic Policy and its Impact
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With the war now one of attrition, this Policy Brief argues, governments should support a return of Ukrainian refugees in a way to strengthen the Ukrainian economy. Encouraging European businesses, particularly German SMEs, to invest in Ukraine by offering guarantees against bomb damage could provide refugees with productive jobs, benefiting both the country and its returnees.
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Institutions Across the World
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Tax administrations are increasingly relying on correspondence audits, conducted via mail, as a cost-effective alternative to in-person audits. This report compares the impacts of correspondence audits and in-person audits on taxpayer compliance.
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Big Data-Based Economic Insights
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While the 9-Euro Ticket – the temporarily introduced low-cost, nationwide public transport ticket in Germany – has successfully boosted public transport use, it has not been very effective in encouraging a significant shift from car use to public transport. The study’s results show that high costs, low car-to-train shift, and train delays call for alternative decarbonization strategies.
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We hope you enjoyed reading our latest EconPol Forum newsletter. We’ll be back in April with our next issue.
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Subscribe to our publication alert to be informed about the latest releases: www.econpol.eu/mailings
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EconPol Europe is CESifo’s economic policy platform. With key support from the ifo Institute, it seeks to leverage CESifo’s globe-spanning network of more than 2 000 high-ranked economists – at least a dozen of whom have won the Nobel Prize – and ifo’s decades-deep research expertise to provide well-founded advice to European policymakers and to facilitate informed decisions. Drawing on the wide range of specializations of its members, EconPol’s mission is to contribute to the crafting of evidence-based, effective economic policy in the face of the rapidly evolving challenges faced by the European economies and their global partners.
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